a\p-jy-sâ Pm-Xn- a\p-jy-Xzw-

Pm-Xn-t`-Z-¯n-sâ-bpw- a-X-tZz-j-¯n-sâ-bpw- B-t{Im-i-§-fmð- I-ep-j-am-b- A-´-co-£-¯n-em-Wv- C-{]m-h-iyw- {io-\m-cm-b-W-P-b-´n- D-Z-bw-sN-¿p-ó-Xv.- ]p-Wym-ßm-hv- D-]-tZ-in-¨- [À-a-kw-ln-X-bnð- hn-iz-kn-¡p-ó-h-sc-ñmw- A-ew-`m-hw- ssI-sh-Sn-ªv- IÀ-a-\n-c-X-cm-tb- ]-äq.- B- [À-a-kw-ln-X-bp-sS- tI-{µ-Øm-\w- a-\p-jy-\m-Wv.- "-H-cp- Pm-Xn- H-cp- a-Xw-'- F-óv- Kp-cp- ]-d-ª-Xv- G-sX-¦n-ep-sam-cp- hn-`m-K-s¯- D-t±-in-¨-ñ-;- a-\p-jy-s\- }-D-t±-in-¨m-Wv,- "-a-\p-jy-sâ- Pm-Xn- a-\p-jy-Xz-am-Wv-'- F-ó- kq-àw- hn-iz-kn-¨m-Wv.- "-a-\p-jy-sâ- Pm-Xn- a-\p-jy-Xz-am-Wv-'- F-ó- kq-àw- hn-iz-hn-im-e-am-b- B-i-b-¯n-\v- B-gw- \ð-Ip-óp.- "-a-\p-jy-³ \-óm-bmð- a-Xn-'- F-ó- D-]-tZ-i-t¯m-Sv- "-a-X-ta-Xm-bm-epw-'- F-óp- tNÀ-¡m-³ A-t±-lw- {]-tXy-Iw- {i-²n-¨n-cp-óp-sh-óv- HmÀ-¡-Ww.- hm-¡p-IÄ-sIm-ïp- am-{X-a-ñ,- IÀ-a-§Ä-sIm-ïpw- X-sâ- k-tµ-i-¯n-\v- I-cp-¯p- \ð-Im-³ {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- \n-c-´-cw- ]-cn-{i-an-¨p-sIm-ïn-cp-óp- F-ó- h-kv-Xp-X-bpw- \mw- {]-tXy-Iw- {i-²n-t¡-ï-Xm-Wv.- B- Po-hn-Xw- H-cn-¡-epw- H-cp- ]À-W-im-e-bnð- [ym-\-\n-c-X-am-bn- H-Xp-§n-¡q-Sn-bn-ñ.- A-t±-lw- \n-c-´-cw- k-ô-cn-¨p-sIm-ïn-cp-óp.- tI-c-f-¯n-sâ- F-ñm- `m-K-§-fpw- A-t±-l-¯n-\v- ]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-óp.- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- ho-£-W-¯nð- Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ,- sIm-¨n,- a-e-_mÀ- F-ó- hn-`-P-\-¯n-\v- Øm-\-ap-ïm-bn-cp-ón-ñ.- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- Zp-cn-X-§-fn-epw- a-\p-jy-sc- A-e-«p-ó- {]-iv-\-§-fn-ep-am-Wv- A-t±-lw- ap-Jy-am-bn- {i-²-]-Xn-¸n-¨-Xv.- A-h-bv-¡v- ]-cn-lm-c-ap-ïm-¡m-\m-Wv- A-t±-lw- \n-c-´-cw- ]-cn-{i-an-¨-Xv.- a-lÀ-jn-bp-sS- a-l-\o-b- kn-²n-IÄ- ]p-eÀ-¯n-s¡m-ïp-X-só- km-[m-c-W-¡m-cp-sS- \n-Xy-Po-hn-X-{]-iv-\-§Ä- ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-ó-Xn-\v- ]-cn-{i-an-¨p-sIm-ïn-cp-óp- F-ó-Xm-Wv- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- Hu-ó-Xyw.- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- ZÀ-i-\-¯n-se- {]-Im-iw- A-Xm-bn-cp-óp.- {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- ]-d-ªp-:- "-"-eu-In-I-hpw- B-ßo-b-hpw- c-ïpw- c-ï-ñ.- A-h- c-ïpw- hm-kv-X-h-¯nð- H-tc- D-t±-iy-t¯m-sS- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-óp.- i-co-c-¯n-sâ- F-ñm- Aw-K-§-fp-sS-bpw- H-¯p-Å- {]-hr-¯n-bmð- i-co-cw- kp-Jw- A-\p-`-hn-¡p-óp.- A-Xp-t]m-se- a-\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-sâ- ]-c-a-e-£y-am-b- kp-J-]-Z-s¯- {]m-]n-¡p-hm-³ B-ßo-b-am-bpw- `u-Xn-I-am-bpw- D-Å- kÀ-h-hn-[- GÀ-¸m-Sp-I-fp-sS-bpw- G-tIm-]n-¨p-Å- {]-hr-¯n- B-h-iy-am-Wv-'-'.- k-ap-Zm-b-¯n-se- A-\m-Nm-c-§Ä- Zq-co-I-cn-¡m-³ A-t±-lw- t\-cn-«n-d-§n- {]-hÀ-¯n-¨p.- G-Im-In-bm-bn- \-S-óp-sN-óv- P-´p-_-en- X-S-ªp.- {io-\m-cm-b-W-[À-aw- {]-N-cn-¸n-¡m-³ \n-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-«- {]-kw-K-IÀ-¡v- A-t±-lw- \ð-In-b- D-]-tZ-iw- Xp-S-§p-ó-Xn-§-s\-bm-Wv.- "-"-A-Ô-hn-izm-k-§-sf-bpw,- {]m-Wn-lnw-k- ap-X-em-b- A-aw-K-fm-Nm-c-§-tfm-Spw- Iq-Sn- A-\p-jv-Tn-¡-s¸-Sp-ó- ZpÀ-tZ-h-Xm-cm-[-\-I-sf-bpw- \n-cm-I-cn-¡p-I-'-'- a-säm-cn-S-¯v-:- "-"-AÀ-Y-iq-\y-§-fpw- A-\À-Y-I-c-§-fp-am-b- "-am-aq-ep-'-I-sf- ]m-Sp-Ån-S-t¯m-fw- hÀ-Pn-¨v- Im-em-\p-cq-]-hpw- D-¯-a-hpw- B-b- B-Nm-c-\-S-]-Sn-I-sf- \-S-¸m-¡p-ó-Xn-s\-¸-än- _-e-am-bn- {]-kw-Kn-¡p-I-bpw- P-\-§-sf- B- h-gn-¡p- Xn-cn-¨p-sIm-ïp-h-cn-I-bpw- sN-¿p-I....-'-'- Ip-«n-¨m-¯-³ I-sñ-dn-ªv- \n-c-´-cw- D-]-{Z-hn-¡p-óp-sh-ó- ]-cm-Xn-bp-am-bn- k-ao-]n-¨- `-à-\v- A-t±-lw- H-cp- I-s¯-gp-Xn-s¡m-Sp-¡-bm-Wv- sN-bv-X-Xv.- ta-emð- C-h-sc- D-]-{Z-hn-¡-cp-sX-óv- Ip-«n-¨m-¯-\v- \nÀ-tZ-iw- \ð-Ip-ó- I-¯v.- A-t±-lw- {]-tbm-Kn-¨- ^-en-X-§-fn-sem-óm-Wn-Xv.- ]p-e-b-_m-en-I-amÀ-¡v- kv-IqÄ-{]-th-i-\w- \ð-In-b-Xv- X-S-bm-³ \m-b-co-g-h-k-ap-Zm-b-¡mÀ- H-óp-tNÀ-óp- Xp-\n-ª-t¸mÄ- B- A-[À-a-¯nð-\n-óp- ]n-´n-cn-bm-³ A-t±-lw- A-hÀ-¡v- B-Ú- \ð-In.- A-¿-¦m-fn-bp-sS- A-h-Im-i-k-¼m-Z-\- ]-cn-{i-a-§Ä-¡v- kÀ-h-hn-[-am-b- ]n-´p-W-bpw- e-`n-¡p-ó-Xnð- {i-²n-¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- ssh-¡w- k-Xy-{K-lw- k-µÀ-in-¡m-³ {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- k-ó-²-\m-b-Xv- B- t]m-cm-«-¯n-\p- ]n-´p-W- \ð-Im-\pw- t]m-cm-fn-IÄ-¡v- B-iw-k- AÀ-¸n-¡m-\p-am-Wv.- A-hÀ- X-sâ- I-gp-¯n-e-Wn-ª- J-ZÀ-am-e-bp-sS- ku-c-`yw- B-´-cn-I-am-sW-óv- A-t±-lw- {]-kv-Xm-hn-¡p-I-bpw-sN-bv-Xp.- th-j-¯n-e-ñ,- a-\-Ên-em-Wv- sh--a-bpw- ku-c-`y-hp-ap-ïm-bn-cn-t¡-ï-sX-óÀ-Yw.- Cu-g-h-cp-sS- tZ-hm-e-b-§-fnð- Xm-W-sX-óp- I-cp-X-s¸-Sp-ó- Pm-Xn-¡mÀ-s¡-ñmw- {]-th-i-\w- \ð-I-W-sa-óv- A-t±-lw- \nÀ-tZ-in-¨p.- kzm-[o-\-ap-Å- F-ñm- tZ-hm-e-b-§-fn-epw- B- \nÀ-tZ-iw- \-S-¸m-¡p-I-bpw-sN-bv-Xp.- A-t±-l-¯n-sâ- B-{i-a-¯nð- hn-`n-ó- Pm-Xn-bnð-s¸-«-h-cp-ïm-bn-cp-óp.- in-jy-kw-L-¯n-epw.- "-Pm-Xn-th-ï,- a-Xw- th-ï,- ssZ-hw- th-ï- a-\p-jy-\v-'- F-óp- {]-Jym-]n-¨- k-tlm-Z-c-³ A-¿-¸-s\-¸-än- {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- ]-d-ª-Xv- C-{X-am-{Xw.- "-"- ]-t£- A-¿-¸-sâ- IÀ-a-§-fnð- ssZ-h-ap-ï-tñm-'-'.- B-Nm-cm-\p-jv-Tm-\-§-fn-e-ñ,- IÀ-a-§-fn-em-Wv- ssZ-h-hn-izm-kw- {]-Xn-^-en-t¡-ï-sX-ó-dn-bp-ó-hÀ- \-ap-¡n-S-bnð- F-{X-bp-ïv-?- D-¯-cw- \ð-Im-³ Rm-³ ap-Xn-cp-ón-ñ.- in-h-Kn-cn-bnð-h-¨v- {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-sâ- B-ioÀ-hm-Z-t¯m-sS- B-Zy-am-bn- \-S-ó- hn-hm-lw- c-ïp- a-X-§-fn-ep-Å-hÀ- X-½n-em-bn-cp-óp.- ln-µp-bp-hm-hpw- {In-kv-Xo-b-bp-h-Xn-bpw- X-½n-ep-Å- hn-hm-lw.- bp-hm-hv- tI-c-fo-b-\pw- bp-h-Xn- PÀ-a-³Im-cn-bp-am-sW-óp-Iq-Sn- A-dn-b-Ww.- (I-cp-Wm-I-c-³ þ- amÀ-K-c-äv- Z-¼-Xn-IÄ- B-e-¸p-g-bn-se- B-e-¸n- I-¼-\n-bp-sS- D-S-a-I-fm-bn-cp-óp).- C-Xp-t]m-se- F-t¸m-gpw- eu-In-I-am-b- {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fnð- ap-gp-In-bm-Wv- {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- Po-hn-X-Im-ew- ap-gp-h-³ I-gn-ª-Xv.- A-cp-hn-¸p-dw- {]-Xn-jv-T- (1888)- ap-Xð- k-am-[n- (1928)- h-sc- \o-ïp-\n-ó- {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fnð- Pm-Xn-a-X-t`-Z-Nn-´-IÄ-¡v- Øm-\-ap-ïm-bn-cp-ón-ñ.- B-ßo-b-`u-Xn-I- hy-Xym-k-hp-ap-ïm-bn-cp-ón-ñ.- A-Xn-sâ- ^-e-am-bn- tI-c-fo-b- Po-hn-X-¯nð- kw-`-hn-¨- Kw-`o-c-am-b- ]-cn-hÀ-¯-\-¯n-\v- sF-Xn-lm-kn-I- kz-`m-h-am-Wp-Å-Xv.- {`m-´m-e-b-¯nð-\n-óv- ssZ-h-¯n-sâ- kz-´w- \m-«n-te-¡v- tI-c-fo-b-sc- \-bn-¡p-ó-Xn-\p-Å- ]-cn-{i-a-¯n-sâ- cm-P-ho-Yn- sh-«n-s¯-fn-¡p-ó-Xnð- F-{X- a-l-\o-b-am-b- ]-¦m-Wv- {io-\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp- h-ln-¨-sX-óv- A-\p-bm-bn-IÄ- G-ä-hpw- Pm-{K-X-tbm-sS- HmÀ-an-t¡-ï- L-«-am-Wn-Xv.- a-X-{`m-´n-\pw- Pm-Xn-kv-]À-[-bv-¡pw- A-Xo-X-am-bn- \n-e-bp-d-¸n-¨v- am-\-h-ssa-{Xn-bp-sS- hn-ip-²-k-tµ-iw- hm-¡p-I-fn-epw- IÀ-a-§-fn-epw-Iq-Sn- {]-N-cn-¸n-¡m-³ A-hÀ- ap-ón-«n-d-t§-ï- k-µÀ-`w- C-Xm-Wv.-